Box Packing Puzzle: Bricks in a Cube
Can you fit 53 bricks, each of size 1×1×4, into a 6×6×6 cube?
This spatial puzzle blends volume computation with parity and tiling logic. Let’s break it down.
Step 1: Volume Check
- Cube volume: (6 × 6 × 6 = 216) unit cubes
- Each brick occupies: (1 × 1 × 4 = 4) unit cubes
- 53 bricks cover: (53 × 4 = 212) unit cubes
So, the total volume used would be 212, leaving exactly 4 unit cubes empty.
At first glance, this seems possible.
Step 2: Parity Insight
To go further, we analyze the structure of the cube and the constraints of packing.
Color the cube in a 3D checkerboard pattern: alternate black and white unit cubes such that adjacent cubes (in any direction) have opposite colors.
In a (6×6×6) cube, this gives:
- 108 black and 108 white cubes.
Step 3: Brick Coverage Pattern
Each 1×1×4 brick occupies 4 consecutive cubes in a straight line. No matter how it’s placed (along x, y, or z direction), it will cover:
- 2 black and 2 white cubes.
Why? Because starting on black leads to black-white-black-white or vice versa—4 in total, equally split.
Step 4: Total Balance
53 bricks × (2 black + 2 white) = 106 black + 106 white
But the cube has 108 of each.
That means the remaining 4 unit cubes must be made up of 2 black and 2 white cubes—perfectly balanced.
So the parity check passes.
Step 5: Can You Actually Pack Them?
Despite parity and volume working out, no known arrangement can fit 53 such bricks into a 6×6×6 cube.
This was a research-level puzzle, and the key insight comes from modulo arithmetic.
Mod-4 Grid Analysis
Imagine labeling all unit cubes with coordinates (x, y, z). Now sum all coordinates mod 4.
Each brick always covers 4 distinct values of x+y+z mod 4. Thus, the sum mod 4 of all positions used by bricks must be divisible by 4.
When applied to the cube and 53 bricks, this leads to a modulo contradiction.
Final Verdict
Though volume and parity seem to allow a solution, deeper structure-based arguments prove it’s not possible.
Final Answer
No, you cannot pack 53 bricks of size 1×1×4 into a 6×6×6 cube.