The 100th Digit of (1 + √2)^3000
You’re asked to solve a surprising numerical riddle:
What is the 100th digit after the decimal point in the expansion of:
\[ (1 + \sqrt{2})^{3000}\;? \]
Step 1: Use the Conjugate Trick
Let: \[ A = (1 + \sqrt{2})^{3000}, \quad B = (1 - \sqrt{2})^{3000} \]
Then:
\[ A + B \in \mathbb{Z} \]
Why? Because it’s a symmetric expression formed from a binomial expansion with irrational terms canceling in pairs.
Also:
- \(B = (1 - \sqrt{2})^{3000} \approx \text{a very small number}\), since \((1 - \sqrt{2}) \approx -0.414\), and a small number raised to a high even power approaches 0.
Step 2: Integer Minus Tiny Fraction
So we know:
\[ A = \underbrace{(A + B)}_{\text{integer}} - B \]
This means \(A\) is just less than an integer, because you’re subtracting a tiny positive number from a whole number.
Step 3: Decimal Expansion Insight
Since \(A\) is slightly less than an integer, its decimal expansion is:
\[ A = \text{(integer)}.9999999999\ldots \]
This continues until the decimal catches up with the tiny subtraction \(B\).
In this case, since \(B \approx (0.414)^{3000} \ll 10^{-100}\), the first at least 100 digits after the decimal are all 9.
Final Answer
The 100th digit after the decimal point in \( (1 + \sqrt{2})^{3000} \) is:
\[ \boxed{9} \]