The important invariant is:
One break: 1 piece → 2 pieces
So each break changes the total by +1 piece.
You start with:
- 1 whole chocolate bar
- You want to end with 48 separate squares
- So the number of pieces must increase by 48 − 1 = 47
Therefore, the total number of breaks required is:
47
It does not matter how you choose to break the bar.
Long strips, big chunks, or tiny pieces — every legal break increases
the number of pieces by exactly one, so the answer is always 47.